Week 2 Quiz

In this course, what does a developmental theory do?

Select one.

• It describes one child's behavior once, without predicting anything
• It sets the ages by which every child must reach each skill
• It ties observations into an explanation that makes testable predictions
• It is the single correct account that has replaced the older ones

Which crisis does Erikson place in middle childhood, at about 6 to 11?

Select one.

• Industry vs. inferiority
• Initiative vs. guilt
• Identity vs. role confusion
• Trust vs. mistrust

In the running case's illustrative record R4, a child of 2½ years at a childcare center pushes away a caregiver's hand and says, "Me do it." Which of Erikson's crises does this behavior fit best?

Select one.

• Trust vs. mistrust
• Initiative vs. guilt
• Industry vs. inferiority
• Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Erikson described 8 stages across life, and 5 of them fall in childhood and adolescence. How many of his stages belong to adulthood?

Select one.

• 5
• 3
• 13
• 8

At a library story time, a 4-year-old raises a hand, the reader smiles and calls on the child, and the child raises a hand more often in later sessions. In operant conditioning, what did the smile work as?

Select one.

• Punishment
• Reinforcement
• Imprinting
• A sensitive period

At home, a toddler reaches for a stove knob, a parent firmly says "no" each time, and the reaching becomes rare. In operant conditioning, what did the firm "no" work as?

Select one.

• Reinforcement, because the parent paid attention to the toddler
• Neither term, because nothing harsh happened to the toddler
• Punishment, because the reaching became less likely afterward
• Social learning, because the toddler watched the parent's face

Which statement matches what Bandura, Ross, and Ross found in their 1961 Bobo doll study?

Select one.

• Watching an adult hit a doll made children less aggressive afterward
• Children learn new behavior only from the consequences of their own acts
• Any single cartoon a child watches causes lasting aggression in that child
• Children who saw an adult's aggression toward the doll imitated it more often

True or false: in this course, a critical period means that, for most human abilities, nothing can be learned once the window has passed.

True or false.

• True
• False

Treating Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model as a theory, which statements describe it as this course teaches it? Select all that apply.

Select every option that applies.

• It explains the settings around a child, such as a home or a childcare center
• It sets fixed ages for each system that a child must pass through
• It says little about what is happening inside the child, such as how thinking changes
• It replaced Erikson's stages and Skinner's operant conditioning

Which pairing of a theorist with the idea this course credits to that theorist is accurate?

Select one.

• Vygotsky: thinking develops through social interaction and cultural tools such as language
• Piaget: thinking develops mainly through what more skilled people show the child
• Watson: children imitate an adult's aggression toward an inflatable doll
• Bronfenbrenner: eight psychosocial stages across life, each centered on a crisis