Week 7 Quiz

At an illustrative toy store, a 15-month-old watches a wind-up robot start to walk across the floor, stops, and looks up at a caregiver's face before deciding whether to touch it. Which term names the toddler's look at the caregiver?

Select one.

• social referencing
• stranger anxiety
• separation anxiety
• social smiling

Stranger anxiety commonly appears in the second half of the first year, so a 10-month-old who turns away and cries when a visiting neighbor reaches for them is showing a typical early emotion, not a sign that something is wrong.

True or false.

• True
• False

At an illustrative toddler swim class, a toddler whose behavior is consistent with the slow-to-warm-up pattern watches from the pool steps for several minutes before joining. Which instructor plan shows a good fit between this toddler's temperament and the setting?

Select one.

• Require every toddler to be in the water at the first whistle.
• Let the toddler watch from the steps and join when ready.
• Move the toddler to a class for children with a difficult temperament.
• Tell the family the toddler will stay shy for life.

At an illustrative family bathroom, a toddler with a smudge of yogurt on the chin looks into the mirror. Which behavior shows mirror self-recognition?

Select one.

• Pats the glass and smiles at the reflection as if greeting another child.
• Looks at a parent's face before touching the mirror.
• Reaches up and wipes the smudge on their own chin.
• Cries when a parent steps out of the bathroom.

In Harlow (1958), "The Nature of Love", infant monkeys could stay near a wire stand-in "mother" that gave milk or a soft cloth one that gave no milk. What did the study report?

Select one.

• They spent more time with the wire one, so feeding builds the bond.
• They spent equal time with both, so neither comfort nor food mattered.
• They avoided both, so the bond depends on genes alone.
• They spent more time clinging to the cloth one, the comfort source.

Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, and Wall (1978), Patterns of Attachment, described three Strange Situation classifications. Which classification did Main and Solomon describe afterward?

Select one.

• disorganized
• secure
• insecure-avoidant
• insecure-resistant

In record R3 of the running case (illustrative), a 14-month-old at a childcare center cries when the parent leaves, accepts comfort from a caregiver, plays while glancing back toward the caregiver, and at pickup reaches for the parent and calms within a minute. Which reading of the record does this course accept?

Select one.

• How hard the toddler cries proves a secure attachment type.
• Whom the toddler seeks and checks back with reflects attachment.
• The crying shows a weak bond, since bonded toddlers do not cry.
• Childcare explains the crying, since it prevents secure attachment.

In record R4 of the running case (illustrative), a child of 2½ years at a childcare center's block area pushes away a caregiver's hand and says, "Me do it." Which of Erikson's crises, from Childhood and Society (1950), does the behavior fit?

Select one.

• trust vs. mistrust
• initiative vs. guilt
• industry vs. inferiority
• autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Bowlby's attachment theory, set out in Attachment, describes attachment as an evolved bond that keeps infants close to caregivers and gives them a secure base for exploring. Which theoretical view from the course's theories week does this idea grow from?

Select one.

• behaviorism, which studies only observable responses to rewards
• ethology, which asks what a behavior does for survival
• social learning theory, which studies learning by watching others
• the ecological model, which maps the settings around a child

Record R3 also notes that the 14-month-old walks alone. The WHO Motor Development Study (2006) gives a window of 8.2 to 17.6 months for walking alone. Which reading follows this course?

Select one.

• The toddler is late, because toddlers should walk by 12 months.
• The toddler is early, because 14 months is below the window.
• Walking alone at 14 months falls inside the window, a range.
• The window cannot be read until the toddler is 17.6 months old.