Week 9 Quiz

At an illustrative family picnic, a child, 3 years, holds a banana to one ear and says, "Hello? Is the dog home?" Which Week 9 concept does this behavior show?

Select one.

• Conservation, because the child knows the banana's amount stays the same
• Symbolic thought, because the child lets one thing stand for another
• Centration, because the child focuses on one striking feature
• Theory of mind, because the child predicts what another person believes

In Piaget and Inhelder's three mountains task (Dataset D), a child is asked what a doll sees from another side of the model. What is the typical preoperational response?

Select one.

• The child picks a picture of the doll's view
• The child refuses to answer because the doll is not real
• The child picks a picture of their own view
• The child picks the picture showing the most mountains

In Piaget's sense, egocentrism in early childhood means a young child is selfish and does not care about other people.

True or false.

• True
• False

In the conservation of liquid task (Dataset D), water is poured from a short, wide glass into a taller, thinner glass. A child, 4 years, says the tall glass has more "because the water is higher." Which concept names what the child is doing?

Select one.

• Centration: focusing on the height of the water and ignoring the narrower width
• Animism: giving thoughts or feelings to the glass
• Private speech: talking to oneself to guide a task
• Scaffolding: support that is withdrawn as skill grows

Which researchers introduced the term scaffolding for support that is adjusted to the learner and withdrawn as the learner's skill grows?

Select one.

• Lev Vygotsky, who used it as his own word for the zone of proximal development
• Piaget and Inhelder, in the three mountains task
• Wimmer and Perner, in their work on beliefs about beliefs
• Wood, Bruner, and Ross, in "The Role of Tutoring in Problem Solving"

In record R5 of the running case (illustrative), a child, 4 years, in a preschool classroom says quietly while drawing, "Now the roof. Then the door." Which concept does this behavior show?

Select one.

• Egocentrism, because the child is talking only about the child's own drawing
• Private speech, talking to oneself out loud to guide a task
• Animism, because the child gives the house a feeling
• A sign of a problem, because preschoolers usually plan in silence

In record R5 (illustrative), a child, 4 years, plays a puppet game. The ball was moved while the first puppet was away, and the child says the first puppet will look for it "in the basket, where she left it." What does this reply show?

Select one.

• Egocentrism, because the child answers from the child's own point of view
• Not yet conserving, because the ball changed places
• False belief understood, a sign of theory of mind
• A delay, because a 4-year-old should not pass this task

Dataset C (illustrative) codes one 4-year-old's play in 20 intervals: unoccupied 1, solitary 3, onlooker 2, parallel 6, associative 5, and cooperative 3. What percent of the 20 intervals were associative or cooperative?

Select one.

• 25 percent
• 70 percent
• 15 percent
• 40 percent

Which statement best contrasts Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Select one.

• Piaget's child builds knowledge mostly by acting on the world; Vygotsky's builds it with other people and cultural tools such as language
• Piaget and Vygotsky say the same thing: children learn mainly from adults who teach them
• Vygotsky proposed four stages with fixed ages; Piaget said stages do not matter
• Piaget's child learns only through language; Vygotsky's child learns only by handling objects

At an illustrative preschool art table, a volunteer notes four things a child, 5 years, does. Which one is a fine motor skill?

Select one.

• Hops on one foot to the sink
• Cuts a paper star with child-safe scissors
• Climbs onto a step stool
• Runs back to the table