Week 12 · Readings & resources

Week 12 — Readings & Resources

Child Development Free sample edition

Your primary reading is Chapter 12 (in this module). Everything below is the optional, go-deeper layer — pick what helps, skip the rest.

How to use this page

This page has 10 items (4 readings and 6 videos). Allow 46–56 minutes for everything. Each group points back to the matching chapter section and class-session segment, so use the full menu when you want more, or take the quick path below.

Every video here has captions: turn them on with the CC button in the player. The chapter covers the same ideas in text.

Pick-one quick path (20–25 min total)

① Friends who have your back

Chapter 12, Section “Make friends: friendship and peer acceptance” · Session 1, Segment 3, “Friendship and peer acceptance” · Remember: friendship in middle childhood rests on loyalty, trust, and support, and peer acceptance is the whole group's view of a child.

PBS KIDS Talk About: Friendship | PBS KIDS — PBS KIDS — a public-media video in which families sit together and school-age children say what makes a good friend: being kind and honest, accepting each other, helping when someone falls, and including a child who is left out, with a short turn to what to do about a bully. Listen for the shift from shared fun toward loyalty and support that the chapter describes. The parents say their children's names; in your own notes, describe the children only by role, and treat the families' talk as their own, not guidance this course pins. Use it while completing the Week-12 module overview. (video, 9 min) (captions: creator)

② When is it bullying, and what helps?

Chapter 12, Section “Define bullying: three elements, not any conflict” · Session 1, Segment 4, “Defining bullying” · Remember: bullying needs unwanted aggression, a power imbalance, and repetition, and a one-time argument between equals is conflict.

Respond to Bullying — StopBullying.gov — the federal bullying-prevention site's page for adults, with its list of what to do on the spot, the common mistakes to avoid, and the questions to ask before deciding whether a situation is bullying or something else. Read the do and don't lists and the section on determining whether it is bullying, which asks about the history between the kids and whether there is a power imbalance; skip the list of situations that call for police or medical help unless you want it. (reading, 5–7 min)
Bystander Video - English (Closed Captions) — StopBullying Gov — the same site's short animated video on bystanders who become upstanders, with a list of moves such as changing the subject, interrupting, questioning the behavior, and including others. Its opening figures about how often bullying happens and how often it stops when a bystander steps in are the video's own numbers, not figures this course pins or keys. (video, 2 min) (captions: creator)
Be Someone’s Hero — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — a brief scene with almost no dialogue in which a group of older students laughs at a classmate's appearance until one peer tells them to stop and walks the targeted student away. Watch it as an example of a bystander becoming an upstander, and check the scene against the definition's three elements as you watch; the students are older than this week's children, but the move is the same. (video, 2 min) (captions: creator)

③ Reasons, rules, and care

Chapter 12, Section “Reason about right and wrong: Kohlberg's three levels” · Session 2, Segment 6, “Kohlberg's three levels” · Remember: Kohlberg scored the reasons, not the yes or no, and a level describes reasoning, never a person.

Kohlberg’s 6 Stages of Moral Development — Sprouts — an animated explainer that sorts the onlookers at a schoolyard fight into Kohlberg's six stages, groups them into the preconventional, conventional, and postconventional levels, notes that Kohlberg interviewed boys aged 10 to 16 with dilemmas, and closes on the Heinz dilemma. Watch it as a terminology check: the course keys only the three level names and their order, and Kohlberg scored the reasons people gave across whole interviews, so the cartoon's habit of giving each character a stage from one moment is a teaching shortcut, not how a level is assigned. (video, 7 min) (captions: creator)
Heinz Dilemma — Simply Psychology — a psychology-explainer site's short telling of the Heinz dilemma, with its point that for Kohlberg the explanation matters more than whether Heinz should steal. Its dollar figures and its ages for which answers children give are the video's own details, not values this course pins; listen instead for how the reasons change from obeying the law to weighing a life above the law. (video, 2 min) (captions: automatic)
Care Ethics, Carol Gilligan — Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — a peer-reviewed philosophy encyclopedia's entry on care ethics, deep-linked to its subsection on Carol Gilligan. Read that subsection for how she contrasted a care perspective with Kohlberg's justice perspective using two children's answers to the Heinz dilemma, and for its note that she framed the difference as one of theme rather than gender; then read the criticism headed "Care Ethics as Empirically Flawed" for the other side. Its account of Kohlberg's results is the entry's own. Stop here before adolescence; next week begins puberty and the teenage brain. (reading, 6–9 min)

④ Families that change shape

Chapter 12, Section “Describe families without ranking them” · Session 2, Segment 8, “Families and transitions” · Remember: children develop well in many family forms, and conflict and support matter more than the form.

Children and Divorce — American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry — a professional association's one-page Facts for Families sheet on how children may react to divorce, including the common belief that they caused it, and what helps, such as telling children together, keeping explanations simple, and never criticizing the other parent to the child. Its suggestions are the association's guidance for families, not this course's advice; read its warnings about later problems beside the chapter's finding that most children adjust well over time and that conflict and support matter most. (reading, 4–6 min)
Getting a Divorce with Kids: What Parents Need to Know — St. Louis Children's Hospital — a children's hospital video in which a pediatric psychiatrist talks to parents about divorce, opening by saying that divorces are stressful but do not have to be traumatic and that lowering conflict between the parents is the most important step. Listen for the practical points about keeping rules similar in two homes and explaining the divorce honestly at the child's level; the tips are the video's own advice for families. (video, 4 min) (captions: creator)

Optional one-stop reference (free online reference)

Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Critiques — Wikipedia — the free encyclopedia's article on Kohlberg's stages, deep-linked to its critiques section; read the subsections on androcentrism, which is where Gilligan's critique sits, and on cross-cultural generalizability, and skip the rest. Its stage names and its claims about who reaches which stage are the article's own; this course keys only the three level names and their order. (reading, 5–8 min)

Heads-up (links rot): these point to outside sites that occasionally move or rename pages. If a link ever fails, tell your instructor and use the reference above in the meantime.

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