Week 7 Quiz

What did the Supreme Court hold in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Select one.

• That states could keep separate public schools as long as the buildings and books were equal.
• That segregation in every public place in the country, from buses to restaurants, had to end within one year of the ruling.
• That separate educational facilities are inherently unequal, which overruled separate but equal for public schools.
• That literacy tests could no longer be used as a condition of voting in any state.

The Fair Housing Act, which made discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing unlawful, became law in which year?

Select one.

• 1954
• 1964
• 1965
• 1968

In Brown II (1955), the Supreme Court told the states to desegregate "with all deliberate speed." Which statement best describes what followed?

Select one.

• The order set no deadline and met considerable resistance, so school segregation did not end at once.
• Every public school in the country was desegregated by the end of the following school year.
• The order brought back the separate but equal doctrine for any school district that could prove its schools were equal.
• The order applied only to colleges, so elementary and high schools were left out of it.

Which statement correctly describes the Montgomery bus boycott?

Select one.

• It was a single act by one rider that changed the city's bus rules on the day it happened.
• It was an organized refusal by Black residents to ride segregated buses, which ended after the Supreme Court upheld a ruling against bus segregation.
• It ended years later, when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed segregated seating on the city buses of Montgomery and of every other city.
• It ended when the Supreme Court decided Brown v. Board of Education, which covered buses as well as schools.

Which law enforced the 15th Amendment and banned literacy tests as a condition of voting?

Select one.

• The Civil Rights Act of 1964
• The Fair Housing Act of 1968
• The Voting Rights Act of 1965
• The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868

Black Power, a phrase popularized in 1966, named a strand of the Black freedom movement. What did that strand stress?

Select one.

• Self-determination, community control, and cultural pride
• Ending all organizing so that the courts alone could settle every civil rights question
• Moving every Black family from Northern cities back to the South
• Replacing Black studies departments with a single required history course

In the illustrative lending table, A-rated neighborhoods have an approval rate of 90 percent and D-rated neighborhoods have an approval rate of 10 percent. Which statement describes the difference correctly?

Select one.

• The difference is 80 percent, because 90 minus 10 is 80.
• The difference is 80 percentage points, and an A-rated applicant is approved 9 times as often.
• The difference is 9 percentage points, because 90 divided by 10 is 9.
• The difference is 59 percent, because that is the overall approval rate.

In the illustrative concept-sorting set, scenario N1 describes a lender that follows a written rule rating every loan in a D-rated neighborhood as too risky, no matter who applies. Which concept does N1 show?

Select one.

• Prejudice, because the lender privately dislikes the people who live there
• Individual discrimination, because one loan officer chooses to turn one family away
• Structural inequality, because the outcome builds up across many institutions over decades
• Institutional discrimination, because a rule applied to everyone produces the unequal result

In the illustrative concept-sorting set, scenario S1 describes homes in once-redlined areas that are worth less decades later, families there with less wealth to pass on, and schools funded by local property taxes with less money. Which concept does S1 show?

Select one.

• Structural inequality, because unequal outcomes have built up across housing, wealth, and schools over time
• Prejudice, because the families in those areas hold negative beliefs about one another
• Individual discrimination, because one appraiser undervalues one house
• De jure segregation, because a current law requires the neighborhoods to stay separate

In an illustrative town, no law assigns children to schools by race, but the school boundary follows a highway, and the housing on each side was shaped by lending ratings. Which reading fits?

Select one.

• De jure segregation, because the highway was built under a state law
• De facto segregation, built by housing patterns, lending, and where the boundary was drawn, not by accident
• De facto segregation, which means the separation happened by chance with no choices behind it
• No segregation at all, because no law names any group