Week 9 Quiz

What did Article VIII of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) do for the Mexicans who stayed in the ceded lands?

Select one.

• It let them keep Mexican citizenship or acquire U.S. citizenship, and it promised that their property would be respected.
• It required them to move south of the new border, and it promised that the United States would pay for the move.
• It classed them as new immigrants, so they had to apply for entry under U.S. immigration rules to stay.
• It issued them temporary work permits on short-term contracts to work in agriculture and on railroads.

Which statement best describes the 1930s removals of Mexicans and Mexican Americans?

Select one.

• All of the people who left were noncitizens, removed through one federal deportation program run from Washington.
• Few left by formal federal removal; most left through officially voluntary but often coercive local and charity programs.
• They were the end-of-season trips home that bracero contracts required, run jointly by Mexico and the United States.
• Only Mexican nationals left, each one choosing freely to return home once the Great Depression began.

Which statement best describes the Bracero Program?

Select one.

• Unauthorized migration of Mexican farmworkers that the governments of Mexico and the United States chose to overlook.
• A 1930s program, run by local relief agencies and charities, that sent Mexican American families to Mexico.
• A series of agreements between the governments of Mexico and the United States issuing temporary work permits on short-term contracts.
• A federal court ruling that opened farm and railroad jobs to Mexican American workers on equal terms.

The Bracero Program ran from 1942 to 1964. How many years did it span?

Select one.

• 20 years
• 24 years
• 14 years
• 22 years

The archive's illustrative E1 excerpt comes from a farmworker interviewed in the 2000s who says he had papers from two governments. Which documented program or event is it tied to?

Select one.

• The Great Migration of the 1910s to the 1970s
• The Bracero Program, 1942 to 1964
• The federal relocation program of the 1950s
• The 1930s removals of Mexicans and Mexican Americans

In the illustrative E1 excerpt, the narrator signed his first contract in 1956. How many years after the Bracero Program began was that?

Select one.

• 8 years
• 12 years
• 14 years
• 22 years

Which court decided Mendez v. Westminster (1946), the case on segregating Mexican American students by ancestry, appearance, and language?

Select one.

• A federal district court, whose ruling the Ninth Circuit affirmed in 1947
• The Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision two weeks before Brown
• The Supreme Court, on appeal from the Ninth Circuit in 1954
• A California state court, whose ruling no federal court ever reviewed

What did the Supreme Court hold in Hernandez v. Texas (1954)?

Select one.

• That segregating Mexican American students into separate schools violated the equal protection clause.
• That Mexican Americans were classified as white, so an all-white jury raised no 14th Amendment question.
• That the 14th Amendment's protection reached only discrimination between Black and white people.
• That excluding people from jury service because of their ancestry or national origin violated the 14th Amendment.

Using the course's distinction between immigrant peoples and colonized or incorporated peoples, how does the field classify the Mexicans who stayed in the lands ceded in 1848?

Select one.

• As immigrant peoples, because they chose to come under U.S. immigration rules after the war ended
• As colonized or incorporated peoples, because they became part of the country by conquest
• As braceros, because they worked under contracts that two governments agreed to
• As immigrant peoples, because a later court case changed their status in 1954

Mendez v. Westminster (1946) and Hernandez v. Texas (1954) both relied on which part of the Constitution, ratified in 1868?

Select one.

• The 13th Amendment
• The 15th Amendment
• The 14th Amendment
• Article VIII of the Constitution