Week 10 Quiz

You skipped dinner, and at midnight you go to the fridge, eat, and feel settled again. In drive-reduction theory, which part of this midnight snack is the drive?

Select one.

• Your body's lack of food since lunch
• The hunger you feel as tension
• Going to the fridge and eating the leftovers
• The steady balance that returns after you eat

A runner with no unmet bodily need signs up for a marathon that will raise her heart rate, fatigue, and nerves for hours. Which theory of motivation best explains her choice?

Select one.

• Drive-reduction theory, because the race reduces a biological need
• Instinct theory, because running is unlearned and fixed across the species
• Incentive theory, because a race is always run for a prize
• Arousal theory, because she is seeking arousal rather than reducing it

According to the Yerkes–Dodson law (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908), how should the best level of arousal for a hard exam full of new problems compare with the best level for a well-practiced run?

Select one.

• It should be higher, because harder tasks need more energy
• It should be lower, because the best level drops for a difficult task
• It should be the same, because a moderate level is best for every task
• It should be as high as possible, because performance rises with arousal

A person spends weekends building furniture in a garage workshop for the joy of the craft, with no pay, no praise, and no prize. Why does incentive theory have trouble explaining this hobby?

Select one.

• Because no external reward is pulling the behavior
• Because the hobby reduces a biological need for food
• Because building furniture is an instinct fixed across the species
• Because the person's arousal is too high for a difficult task

Which list gives Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1943) in order from the bottom level to the top level?

Select one.

• Safety, physiological, esteem, belongingness and love, self-actualization
• Physiological, belongingness and love, safety, self-actualization, esteem
• Physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization
• Self-actualization, esteem, belongingness and love, safety, physiological

True or false: Research has shown that Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a proven law, because people must fully satisfy each level, in strict order, before they pursue the next one.

True or false.

• True
• False

Your stomach has been empty for several hours. Which hormone is most likely rising, and where is it mainly released?

Select one.

• Leptin, released mainly by the stomach, signaling hunger
• Ghrelin, released mainly by fat cells, signaling fullness
• Leptin, released by fat cells, signaling hunger
• Ghrelin, released mainly by the stomach, signaling hunger

A hiker sees a bear step onto the trail and freezes in fear. Which brain structure plays a central role in fear?

Select one.

• The amygdala
• The cerebellum
• The occipital lobe
• The suprachiasmatic nucleus

On the trail, your heart pounds, your eyes go wide as you freeze, and you think, "That is a bear, and I could get hurt." Select every option that names one of the three components of an emotion.

Select every option that applies.

• Physiological arousal
• Homeostasis
• Expressive behavior
• Incentive
• Cognitive appraisal

A description reads: "You see the bear and your heart pounds. You look for a reason, notice the bear, and label the arousal fear." Which theory of emotion does this describe?

Select one.

• The Cannon–Bard theory, because the body and the feeling are both involved
• The James–Lange theory, because the feeling is noticed before the body reacts
• The two-factor theory, because a cognitive label names the arousal
• The Yerkes–Dodson law, because arousal changes how well the hiker performs