Week 13 Quiz

Which statement describes deductive reasoning as this course defines it?

Select one.

• It moves from several specific cases to a general conclusion.
• It moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.
• It claims that one thing produces another thing.
• It says two cases alike in known ways are alike in another.

A speaker says, "Sales at the café went up the month the new manager started, so the new manager caused the rise." Which fallacy does this commit?

Select one.

• Hasty generalization, because one manager is too small a sample
• False cause, because coming first does not show causing
• Bandwagon, because many customers chose the café that month
• Red herring, because sales have nothing to do with managers

In the running speech's persuasive argument, the line "a campus should measure a change's effect before adopting it when the best available study found no significant effect" plays which part in Toulmin's model?

Select one.

• The claim the audience is asked to accept
• The evidence, cited with who, what, and when
• The warrant that links the evidence to the claim
• The rebuttal that names when the claim would fail

Which line from the running speech's argument is evidence in Toulmin's model?

Select one.

• Zhang and Kwon's trays study in Sustainability
• "Measure a change's effect before adopting it"
• "For a two-week trial" and "in dining halls like ours"
• "Unless the audit costs more than the trial"

Which three parts of Toulmin's model does this course key?

Select one.

• Claim, evidence, and warrant
• Backing, qualifier, and rebuttal
• Claim, qualifier, and rebuttal
• Ethos, pathos, and logos

A student proposes allowing covered drinks in the library. Another replies, "So she wants the library turned into a café." Which fallacy is the reply?

Select one.

• Ad hominem, because the reply attacks the student
• Red herring, because the reply leaves the topic
• False dilemma, because it offers only two choices for the library
• Straw man, because it attacks a bent version of the proposal

"The new manager's plan will work because it is a plan that works." Which fallacy is this?

Select one.

• Slippery slope, because one step leads to more steps
• Appeal to ignorance, because nothing disproves the plan
• Begging the question, because the conclusion serves as a premise
• Bandwagon, because the plan sounds popular with the staff

A speaker supports a claim about bike-helmet safety by saying, "A popular gaming streamer says this helmet is the safest on the market." Which revision repairs the evidence?

Select one.

• Add that thousands of the streamer's fans agree with the claim
• Replace it with an expert in helmet safety, cited by who, what, when
• Replace it with "studies show this helmet is the safest"
• Add a vivid story about a rider who wore the helmet

A chatbot labels the line "Sales at the café went up the month the new manager started, so the new manager caused the rise" a hasty generalization "because it draws a conclusion from limited evidence and assumes the manager caused the increase." It also calls the running speech's compost-bin scene an appeal-to-emotion fallacy. Select every problem with the chatbot's answer.

Select every option that applies.

• The label is wrong; the line commits false cause.
• The explanation blends two fallacies into one.
• The compost-bin scene is legitimate pathos, not a fallacy.
• The line is sound, because sales did rise that month.
• The line should have been labelled a slippery slope.

True or false: if one event happened after another, that sequence alone shows the first event caused the second.

True or false.

• True
• False