Week 5 Quiz

In this course, which statement gives the traditional analysis of knowledge, justified true belief?

Select one.

• A person knows a claim when the person is completely certain of it
• A person knows a claim when the claim is true, the person believes it, and the person is justified in believing it
• A person knows a claim when the claim is true and the person believes it
• A person knows a claim when the person believes it with good reason, whether or not it is true

Who wrote the 1963 paper "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", published in the journal Analysis?

Select one.

• René Descartes
• David Hume
• John Locke
• Edmund Gettier

In what year did Edmund Gettier publish "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?"?

Select one.

• 1641
• 1748
• 1963
• 1971

Which description fits a Gettier case?

Select one.

• A person has a belief that is justified and true, but true only by luck
• A person has a false belief that is backed by good evidence
• A person has a true belief with no justification at all, like a lucky guess
• A person has good evidence for a claim but does not believe it

True or false: this course presents justified true belief as the settled definition of knowledge that philosophers agree on.

True or false.

• True
• False

Here is an argument (illustrative). P1: If every justified true belief is knowledge, then the hiker knows that the left trail leads to the lake. P2: The hiker does not know that the left trail leads to the lake. C: So not every justified true belief is knowledge. What is its form, and is it valid?

Select one.

• Modus ponens; valid
• Denying the antecedent; invalid
• Denying the consequent; valid
• Reasoning from the consequent back to the antecedent; invalid

Socrates tested definitions with counterexamples. A definition says that every justified true belief is knowledge. How many counterexamples does it take to show that this definition, as stated, is false?

Select one.

• 1
• 2
• 3
• Enough cases to show a general pattern

In this course, what does it mean to say that a claim is known a priori?

Select one.

• It was learned first, before other claims
• It is knowable independently of experience
• It is knowable only through the senses
• It is known with complete certainty

Which theory of justification holds that a belief is justified when it is produced by a process that tends to produce true beliefs?

Select one.

• Foundationalism
• Coherentism
• Empiricism
• Reliabilism

The regress problem says that if every justified belief needs another belief to justify it, the chain of reasons seems to go one of three ways. Select the three.

Select every option that applies.

• It goes on forever
• It ends in a belief that everyone is certain of
• It loops back on itself
• It stops at something unsupported
• It turns into a definition of knowledge