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Critical Thinking

15 instructional weeks + finals week (Week 1–Week 16) Free sample edition

Built with The Course Maker · samples.thecoursemaker.com

This is a complete course: fifteen instructional weeks and a finals week, every student component, built with The Course Maker and ready to import. Weeks are relative (Week 1 to Week 16); you set the dates when you import it. Browse the whole thing below. Click any piece to read it in full, then click back to return here.

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Free sample edition. No instructor, institution, or term identity appears anywhere in this edition, by design. The syllabus carries fill-in slots (instructor name, contact, office hours, institution policies) for the adopting instructor to make it their own. (Original objectives written from the standard Critical Thinking body of knowledge; not copied from any school's course outline.)
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This course is free, complete, and evergreen, and it is yours to keep; free downloads run through June 30, 2028. Students pay $0 for course materials: the readings and videos are links to freely available resources.

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Included in every course

  • ChapterRequired

    Required in every course. Every module presents the same content in three ways — a chapter to read, a slide deck with speaker notes, and captioned videos — so each student can choose how to take it in. The course is designed to reflect UDL's multiple means of representation, and the alignment report describes this to your curriculum committee.

  • Slide deck with speaker notesRequired

    Required in every course. Every module presents the same content in three ways — a slide deck with speaker notes, a chapter to read, and captioned videos — so each student can choose how to take it in. The course is designed to reflect UDL's multiple means of representation, and the alignment report describes this to your curriculum committee.

  • Captioned video linksRequired

    Required in every course. Every module presents the same content in three ways — captioned videos, a chapter to read, and a slide deck with speaker notes — so each student can choose how to take it in. The course is designed to reflect UDL's multiple means of representation, and the alignment report describes this to your curriculum committee. We link videos only when a caption track exists (from the creator or generated automatically), and we never host them.

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The syllabus

Policies, schedule, and grading

Read the full course syllabusPolicies, the week-by-week schedule, grading, and the bring-your-own-AI rules, with fill-in slots for the adopting instructor.→
Weighted gradebook

Assignment groups & weights

Configured in the export — the gradebook is set the moment the course is imported.

Assignment groupWeightNotes
Tutorials & Practice10%
Quizzes10%
Workshops20%
Assignments25%
Discussions15%
Exams20%
Total100%Letter Standard
Objectives & outcomes

What students will be able to do

Objective 1

Identify claims and arguments in everyday and academic passages, distinguishing arguments from explanations, reports, and unsupported assertions, and locate premises and conclusions with and without indicator words.

Objective 2

Analyze an argument by putting it in standard form, supplying unstated premises under the principle of charity, and mapping how its premises, objections, and replies connect, described in words.

Objective 3

Evaluate deductive reasoning: distinguish deductive from inductive arguments, apply validity, soundness, strength, and cogency, use the counterexample method, recognize the valid conditional forms and the two formal fallacies, state necessary and sufficient conditions, and test categorical syllogisms with Venn diagrams.

Objective 4

Explain how language shapes reasoning through definitions, vagueness, ambiguity, equivocation, and loaded wording, and identify the common informal fallacies of relevance and presumption while distinguishing a fallacy from a false premise and from legitimate criticism.

Objective 5

Evaluate inductive reasoning: judge generalizations by the size and representativeness of their samples, test arguments from analogy, and assess causal claims for confounding factors, reverse causation, and coincidence.

Objective 6

Reason accurately with numbers in public claims: separate percentages from percentage points and relative from absolute risk, work base-rate problems in natural frequencies, and detect misleading graphs.

Objective 7

Evaluate sources and evidence for credibility and relevant expertise, trace claims to their origins, check what independent sources say about a source, and detect out-of-context and AI-generated misinformation.

Objective 8

Assess scientific reasoning and one's own thinking: apply testability, controls, and inference to the best explanation, recognize warning signs of pseudoscience, and identify confirmation bias, availability, anchoring, motivated reasoning, and overconfidence, using concrete debiasing habits.

Objective 9

Reason about values and construct an original argument: separate the value premise from the factual premise in a moral argument, present ethical frameworks evenhandedly, state the opposing view at its strongest, and build and defend a well-supported argument with its strongest objection and a reply.

SLO A

Argument analysis and evaluation — reconstruct an argument in standard form or as a map and evaluate it with the test that fits it (validity and a counterexample, a fallacy check, a sampling or causal check, a base-rate or risk table), stating the verdict in one plain sentence.

SLO B

Reasoned argument and intellectual integrity — build and defend an original argument that states the strongest opposing view fairly, supports every factual claim with a checked source, and verifies AI output before relying on it.

How this course is built — read this first

Every teaching module carries the same set, in the order a student meets it: a Start Here overview, the chapter (the primary reading), the lecture (titled “Lecture: <module title>”), the slide deck with speaker notes, readings & resources (links only), the lecture tutorial and practice exercises worked with an AI tutor, the quiz, the discussion and the assignment, and the weekly Argument Workshop. Exams: the midterm in Week 8 and the final in Week 16, a finals week with no module.

The discussion and the assignment each ship in both formats: the adaptive version is the published, graded item, and its traditional alternative (no AI) is a separate item that ships unpublished beside it. An instructor who prefers the traditional format publishes it and unpublishes or deletes the adaptive one.

What you see here is every student page. The instructor pack (answer keys and worked solutions, rubric calibration, image prompts, audio-brief scripts, and the alignment report) ships only in the download, never on this site.

Adaptive and traditional

Discussions & assignments: both formats in every module

Same learning objective either way; what changes is how the work happens.

Adaptive · published

Work it through with an approved chatbot

The student does the work in a guided conversation with an approved chatbot, using a copy-paste prompt the course provides. For a discussion, the AI is a Socratic partner that challenges their thinking and never writes the post. For an assignment, the AI is a coach: it asks questions, checks the reasoning shown, and waits for the student to revise. The student submits the chat link with the required summary or report.

Traditional alternative (no AI) · unpublished

The familiar way, one click away

The student does the work themselves and submits it, and the instructor grades it against the rubric. No AI required. It ships unpublished, opening with a one-line note to the instructor; publish it instead of the adaptive version if you prefer.

All 16 weeks

Every week, every component

Each week is a heading; every component under it links to the full student page. Week 8 is a teaching module that also carries the midterm bundle; Week 16 is the finals week, with the final exam bundle and no module.

01
Week 1

What Critical Thinking Is: Claims, Arguments & Explanations

critical thinking as the habit of asking what a claim says, what supports it, and how good that support is before accepting itclaims (true or false) set apart from questions, commands, and reports of feeling; an opinion as a claim someone holds whose support can still be judgedarguments (premises offered as reasons for a conclusion) vs. explanations, reports, and unsupported assertionspremise and conclusion indicator words, with the caution that 'because' also introduces explanations and many arguments carry no indicatorthe running question introduced: an illustrative campus-newsletter passage arguing that the library should stay open around the clock during finals week
02
Week 2

Analyzing Arguments

standard form: numbered premises P1, P2, and the conclusion C on its own lineunstated premises supplied and marked, and unstated conclusionsthe principle of charity: reconstruct the most reasonable version the words support, and never invent a view the arguer did not holdargument maps: linked vs. independent premises, objections and replies, always described in wordsthe running question's argument put in standard form and mapped, with its unstated premise supplied
03
Week 3

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

deductive arguments (meant to guarantee the conclusion) vs. inductive arguments (meant to make it probable)validity and soundness; valid vs. true; a valid argument with a false premiseinductive strength in degrees and cogency (strong with all premises true)the counterexample method: imagine a case with true premises and a false conclusionthe running question's map tested: which links are deductive, which are inductive
04
Week 4

Conditionals and Deductive Forms

the conditional in words, antecedent and consequent; 'only if' rewritten as 'if, then'the four valid forms: modus ponens, modus tollens, hypothetical syllogism, disjunctive syllogismthe two formal fallacies: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent, each refuted by a counterexamplethe converse, the inverse, and the contrapositive; necessary vs. sufficient conditionsa truth table shown once as a check on a verdict, not taught as a graded skill
05
Week 5

Categorical Reasoning

the four categorical statement forms: All S are P, No S are P, Some S are P, Some S are not Pcategorical syllogisms and their three termstesting a syllogism with a Venn diagram, described in words (shaded regions, an X in a region)the modern reading of 'all' (no existence claim), with cases where traditional logic differs discussed and never keyedeveryday categorical claims rewritten into the four forms
06
Week 6

Language and Meaning

kinds of definition: reporting the common use, stipulating a new use, making a fuzzy term precise for a purpose, and the persuasive definition that smuggles in a verdictvagueness (borderline cases) vs. ambiguity (two distinct meanings)equivocation: one word shifting meaning between premises; the part-whole fallacies of composition and divisionloaded and slanted language, euphemism, and how word choice can carry a conclusion without arguing for itthe running question's key terms ('safe', 'needed', 'modest cost') made precise
07
Week 7

Fallacies of Relevance

a fallacy as a flaw in reasoning, set apart from a false premiseattacks on the person (ad hominem), the you-too (tu quoque), and the circumstantial version; when pointing out a conflict of interest is relevantthe straw man; appeals to emotion, fear, and pity; appeal to popularity; the red herringappeal to authority used badly vs. legitimate, relevant, agreed expertiseLocke (1690) as the classic source of the ad arguments (ad verecundiam and ad ignorantiam named by him; ad hominem a name already in use), with his own meaning of ad hominem said in words
08
Week 8 Midterm

Midterm Review & Exam

cumulative review of Weeks 1 to 7 organized by the one test or distinction each topic asks for: argument vs. explanation, premise vs. conclusion, valid vs. sound, strong vs. cogent, the conditional vs. its converse and contrapositive, necessary vs. sufficient, the Venn verdict, vagueness vs. ambiguity, fallacy vs. false premiselight new material on fallacies of presumption: false dilemma (false dichotomy), begging the question (circular reasoning), and the loaded questionthe midterm exam

The midterm exam bundle

09
Week 9

Inductive Generalization and Analogy

a sample and a population; how a sample can mislead: too small, biased in how it was chosen, or skewed by who chooses to replyrepresentativeness matters more than size: the 1936 Literary Digest poll taught in wordsthe hasty generalization and the generalization from one vivid anecdotearguments from analogy: listing the relevant similarities and differences, and testing an analogy with a disanalogythe running question's two illustrative surveys: a late-night doorway sample vs. a random sample from the enrollment list
10
Week 10

Causal Reasoning

correlation vs. causation; a confounding factor (a third factor behind both), reverse causation, and coincidenceafter this, therefore because of this (post hoc), and the slippery slope read as a causal chain: reasonable when each link is supported, a fallacy when notthe illustrative hot-weather table: a correlation between ice-cream sales and sunburn days that vanishes within hot days and within mild daysMill's methods named, from A System of Logic (1843): agreement, difference, the joint method, residues, and concomitant variation, with agreement and difference workedwhat a controlled comparison adds
11
Week 11

Numbers in the News

percent vs. percentage points, always reported togetherrelative vs. absolute risk, with the base always named (2 in 1,000 to 3 in 1,000)base rates and false positives in natural frequencies: the illustrative screening table of 1,000 peoplemisleading graphs: a truncated axis, a stretched scale, and a cherry-picked time windowa real case taught in words: the National Cancer Institute's explanation of how a 20 percent relative reduction can be a small absolute one
12
Week 12

Evaluating Sources and Evidence

credibility: relevant expertise, track record, conflicts of interest, and whether a claim is in the source's fieldprimary vs. secondary sources; tracing a claim back to where it startedchecking what independent sources say about a source before reading it closelyimages and quotations taken out of context; a quotation checked against the full originalAI-generated misinformation, including cloned voices and fabricated citations, and the habit of verifying through a channel you already trust
13
Week 13

Science and Explanation

hypotheses, predictions, and testability; Popper's falsifiability named, with its English edition of 1959 and its earlier German edition said in wordscontrols, comparison groups, and why a single uncontrolled observation proves littleinference to the best explanation: Peirce's abduction named in words and Harman (1965) for the phrase; criteria such as fit with the evidence, simplicity, and scopea scientific theory vs. 'just a guess'; warning signs of pseudoscience taught as signs, not proofs; the appeal to ignorance and the burden of proofHume's problem of induction named in words as the deep question beneath every inductive argument
14
Week 14

Bias and Decision-Making

confirmation bias, with Wason's (1960) rule-discovery task as the classic experimentthe availability and anchoring heuristics from Tversky and Kahneman (1974)motivated reasoning and overconfidencedebiasing habits: consider the opposite, seek the disconfirming case, write the prediction down first, and ask what would change your mindconfirmation bias in the student's own work on the running question
15
Week 15

Reasoning About Values and the Course Synthesis

moral arguments: a value premise plus a factual premise, and why each needs its own supportconsequence-based, duty-based, and character-based frameworks presented as frameworks, each with its strongest case and its standard objectionssteelmanning: stating the other side at its strongest before replyingbuilding and defending your own argument: the running question argued in full with its strongest objection and a replycourse synthesis: which test fits which kind of argument